Evaluation of 5-Year Survival Rate of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Undergoing Bone Marrow Transplantation: A Descriptive Study

Ali Nemati; Elahenaz Parsi Mood; Shirin Raghi; Vahid Moazed

doi:10.18502/jzms.v6i3.14796

Ali Nemati Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Elahenaz Parsi Mood Resident of Cardiovascular disease, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Shirin Raghi Medical Doctor, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
Vahid Moazed Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jzms.v6i3.14796

Keywords: Multiple myeloma; 5-year survival; Bone marrow t ransplant

Abstract

Background: Multiple myeloma is a progressive and high mortality neoplasm, and the prevalence increases with aging. The main treatment for new cases aged less than 65 years is high-dose chemotherapy with autologous bone marrow transplantation. This study aims to determine the five-year survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma.

Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, 97 patients with multiple myeloma who underwent bone marrow transplantation between 2011 and 2016 were investigated. Then, information related to gender, age at the time of transplantation, the time interval between diagnosis and transplantation, cases of death and, date of death of the studied patients were collected, and the survival of the patients from the date of diagnosis to the end of the study period (five years) was calculated. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional and chi-square tests.

Results: Five-year survival of patients was 59.8%. The median overall survival of patients was 54.22 months, which shows that age (p value = 0.003), gender
(p value = 0.591), and the time delay between diagnosis and bone marrow transplantation (p value = 0.005) all affect patient survival. There was a significant relationship between the patient's age and the time interval between diagnosis and transplantation with the five-year survival of the patients.

Conclusion: As a result, bone marrow transplantation provides a higher survival rate. Also, the effect of the patient‘s age and time interval between diagnosis and transplantation, early diagnosis of the disease and, earlier bone marrow transplantation can bring longer survival for patients.