Evaluation of the Prevalence Rate of Newborns with Cleft Lip and Palate  in the City of Zabol in 2018-2019

Hamid Reza Ghaffari; Javad Poursamimi; Khadijeh  Rezaie Keikhaie

doi:10.18502/jzms.v5i3.10923

Hamid Reza Ghaffari Assistant Professor, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
Javad Poursamimi Assistant Professor, Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
Khadijeh Rezaie Keikhaie Associate Professor of Perinatology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Medicinal Plants Research Center Amir al momenin Hospital, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jzms.v5i3.10923

Keywords: Cleft palate, Cleft lip, Newborns, Prevalence, Anomalies

Abstract

Background: Cleft Lip and Palate (CL±CP) are congenital malformations that occur in two forms CL±CP and CL only. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of CL±CP and associated risk factors in a group of newborns in Zabol in 2020.

Methods: In the present descriptive-analytical study, we examined all newborns born at Amir Al-Momenin (AS) Hospital in Zabol between April 2018 and the end of March 2019. Eighty-eight births in which this complication occurred were studied.

Results: The prevalence of CL±CP in the total study population was 0.22% or 2.22 newborns per 1000 live births. In the present study, 35.2% had left unilateral CL±CP (n = 31), 31.8% had CL (n = 28), 20.5% had bilateral CL±CP (n = 18), 10.2% (n = 9) had CL±CP unilateral at the right side, CL 1.1% (n = 1) and 1.1% had medial cleft. The most common disorders in boys were CL, CL and unilateral left lip. In girls, CL± unilateral CP were the most common complications. Babies with left unilateral cleft lip and palate had the highest rate of anomalies.

Conclusion: The present study showed that the prevalence of CL±CP in newborns in Sistan region is higher than national level. The prevalence of unilateral CL±CP on the left side and cleft palate is one of the most common types of CL±CP. This anomaly occurred more frequently in males.