The Efficacy and Safety of Green-Lipped Mussel Extract Plus Ginkgo Biloba on Anti-Inflammatory Status in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis

Shukur Wasman  Smail; Mahdi Khaled  Qadir; Omer Ahmed  Hamad Amin; Dedawan  Rasul; Sonia Elia  Ishaq; Zhikal Omar  khudhur; Mohammed I. M.  Gubari; Kurosh  Djafarian

doi:10.18502/jnfs.v9i4.16896

Shukur Wasman Smail College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Mahdi Khaled Qadir Department of Physiotherapy, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
Omer Ahmed Hamad Amin Department of Rheumatology, Ranya Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Dedawan Rasul Kurdistan higher council of medical specialties, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Sonia Elia Ishaq College of Pharmacy, Cihan University-Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Zhikal Omar khudhur Biology Education Department, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
Mohammed I. M. Gubari Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
Kurosh Djafarian Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jnfs.v9i4.16896

Keywords: Osteoarthritis; Ginkgo biloba; Inflammation

Abstract

Background: Clinical research on the efficacy of nutraceutical compounds recommended for the relief of osteoarthritis (OA) symptoms has been largely disputed. In addition, no link has been established between its safety and efficacy in Kurdish population. The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of New Zealand green-lipped mussel extract + Ginkgo biloba (GLME+) in patients with OA, and analyze the effect of GLME+ on inflammation. Methods: In an open-label, single-group allocation study, 40 patients diagnosed with knee OA were administrated 1000 mg/day of New Zealand green-lipped mussel extract and 100 mg/day of Ginkgo biloba for eight weeks. The outcome measure was scored using Western Ontario and McMaster Universities arthritis index (WOMAC). The serum concentration of inflammatory chemokine (CCL3) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured. An intention-to-treat analysis was employed and subject data at T₀ and T₈ weeks. Results: Results showed a significant improvement in WOMAC score in post-treated OA patients with GLME+ (P<0.001). In addition, CCL3 serum levels were significantly decreased after an 8-week intervention (P<0.001). Moreover, no statistical significance was observed within groups in MPO serum levels (P> 0.05). Conclusions: GLME+ improved knee joint pain, stiffness, and mobility in OA patients. Two of GLME+'s chondroprotective properties were the reduction of oxidative damage and the inhibition of inflammation, both of which have been linked to the etiology of OA cartilage destruction. The findings indicated that GLME+ may be useful in the treatment of OA patients.