Effect of Low-Fat Dairy Products Fortified with Encapsulated Vitamin D3 on Anxiety, Depression and Stress in People with Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Payam Sharifan; Hamideh Ghazizadeh; Susan Darroudi; Alireza Ghodsi; Sara Saffar Soflaei; Davoud Tanbacoochi; Mohammad Reza  Fazl Mashhadi; Mohammad Amin Mohammadi; Ali Ebrahimi dabagh; Sara Moazedi; Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran; Gordon Ferns; Habibollah Esmaily; Majid  Ghayour-Mobarhan

doi:10.18502/jnfs.v9i1.14842

Payam Sharifan Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
Hamideh Ghazizadeh Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Susan Darroudi International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Alireza Ghodsi Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Sara Saffar Soflaei International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
Davoud Tanbacoochi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;
Mohammad Reza Fazl Mashhadi Department of Nutritions, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mohammad Amin Mohammadi Department of Nutritions, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Ali Ebrahimi dabagh Department of Nutritions, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Sara Moazedi Department of Nutritions, Varastegan Institute for Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Maryam Mohammadi Bajgiran International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Gordon Ferns Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK;Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK;
Habibollah Esmaily Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jnfs.v9i1.14842

Keywords: Vitamin D; Fortification; Anxiety; Depression

Abstract

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide condition, which has been linked to a variety of health-related issues. Vitamin D can be beneficial to cardiovascular patients and those suffering from depression and anxiety, based on Survey of Ultraviolet Intake by Nutritional Approach (SUVINA study), ,showing the potential effects of vitamin D-fortified dairy products on anxiety, depression, and stress in subjects with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: It was a quadruple-blind randomized controlled trial. Individuals were randomly allocated to one of four groups: fortified low-fat milk (FM), non-fortified low-fat milk (NFM), fortified low-fat yogurt (FY), and non-fortified low-fat yogurt (NFY). FM and FY groups were fortified with 1500 IU nano-encapsulated vitamin D3. Anthropometric parameters as well as depression, anxiety, and stress scores were measured at baseline and after a ten-week trial in Mashhad, Iran. Results: Totally, 289 participants (143 men, 146 women) with a mean age of 41.86±7.81years were enrolled in the study. There was no statistical difference between the scores of depression, anxiety, and stress in participants with and without CVD risk factors (P>0.05). No statistical difference was found in the subgroup analysis based on milk and yogurt consumption. Conclusions: Fortified low-fat milk containing 1,500 IU of vitamin D has no impact on improving depression, anxiety, and stress during ten weeks. However, further studies with higher vitamin D doses for a longer duration are recommended.