Bioactivities of Mangrove-Associated Filamentous Fungi from Jepara, Indonesia: Anti-Bacterial Metabolites and Wood-Degrading Enzymes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v18i3.22242Keywords:
Curvularia lunata, Excoecaria agallocha, Paraconiothyrium sp., Phaeophleospora eucalypticola, Secondary MetaboliteAbstract
Background: Mangrove-associated fungi are widely known due to their bioactivities, especially their antibacterial and lignocellulose-degrading enzymes activity. However, research on their bioactivity in Indonesia, particularly in Jepara Regency remain limited. This research aims to explore the antibacterial and wood-degrading enzymatic pro-perties from mangroves-associated fungi of Jepara, Indonesia.
Methods: A total of 43 isolates were successfully collected from leaf and barks of Ex-coecaria agallocha, Acanthus ilicifolius, as well as Lumnitzera racemosa. Antibacterial screening against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was then conducted to all isolates, where 1 isolate was active against E. coli, 12 against S. aureus, and 5 isolates active against both pathogens. All active isolates were identified through microscopic observation.
Results: Isolates with the most consistent inhibition zone, namely AB1, E2D2, E2B4, and LB10 continued to have metabolite extraction and antibacterial assay through disc-diffusion methods against the same 2 pathogens. Isolate E2B4 was able to produce the largest halo zone diameter measuring 22.28±1.59 mm at concentration of 50 mg/mL against S. aureus. Based on preliminary phytochemical screening, crude extract of E2B4 contains flavonoid and alkaloid as secondary metabolite. To search for further bioactivity, wood-degrading enzymatic assay was conducted, where the result showed that 6 isolates were actively produced cellulase, 1 laccase, 7 tannase, and 5 lignin peroxidase. DNA barcoding revealed that AB1, E2D2, and E2B4 isolates were identified as Phaeophleospora eucalypticola, Curvularia lunata, and Paraconiothyrium sp., respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, these findings highlights mangrove-associated fungi bio-activities potential through screening assay and provide critical information regarding the rarely studied Indonesian fungi.
