Modulation of NF-κB, MMP-1, and HAase by Coriandrum sativum Seed Extract in UV-Induced Skin Aging Model

Abstract

ackground: Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) contains abundant flavonoids and phenolic compounds that contribute substantially to its antioxidant capacity. These constituents exhibit strong free radical–scavenging activity, offering protection against cellular damage and premature skin aging, particularly under Ultraviolet (UV) exposure. This study evaluated the anti-aging effects of Coriander Seed Extract (CSE) in an in vitro UVB-induced photoaging model using human dermal fibroblasts (BJ cells).  

Methods: CSE was prepared through ethanol maceration. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the WST-8 assay. CSE was tested at concentrations ranging from 1.56 to 100 µg/ml. Hyaluronidase (HAase) protein levels were quantified using a human HAase ELISA kit. Gene expression of NF-κB and MMP-1 was analyzed using quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR).  

Results: CSE concentrations up to 25 µg/ml exhibited no cytotoxic effects. Treatment with 25 µg/ml CSE significantly downregulated NF-κB and MMP-1 expression in UV-irradiated BJ cells compared with the untreated UV control. In addition, CSE reduced HAase protein levels, indicating improved preservation of the extracellular matrix and reduced hyaluronic acid degradation. Notably, the percentage of senescent cells decreased by nearly 50% compared with the UV-exposed group (p<0.05), restoring levels comparable to non-irradiated cells.  

Conclusion: Overall, CSE may exert anti-aging activity by modulating inflammatory pathways, preventing extracellular matrix breakdown, and limiting UV-induced cellular senescence in vitro. These findings suggest its potential for development as a natural active ingredient for anti-aging skincare formulations; however, further in vivo and clinical studies are required to confirm its safety and efficacy.