Nanosilver from Mangosteen Peel Extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) for Antibacterial Dental Preventive Agents

Vinna Kurniawati  Sugiaman; Rosalina Intan  Saputri; Jeffrey  Jeffrey; Wahyu  Widowati; Mariska  Elisabeth; Vini  Ayuni; Dhanar Septyawan  Hadiprasetyo

doi:10.18502/ajmb.v17i4.20073

Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
Rosalina Intan Saputri Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
Jeffrey Jeffrey Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, Cimahi 40531, West Java, Indonesia
Wahyu Widowati Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
Mariska Elisabeth Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung 40164, West Java, Indonesia
Vini Ayuni Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia
Dhanar Septyawan Hadiprasetyo Biomolecular and Biomedical Research Center, Aretha Medika Utama, Bandung 40163, West Java, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ajmb.v17i4.20073

Keywords: Anti-bacterial agents, Garcinia mangostana, Nanoparticle drug delivery system, Phytochemicals, Streptococcus mutans

Abstract

Background: Teeth are vital structures prone to issues such as caries and plaque formation, often caused by Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). This issue can be mitigated using natural ingredients like mangosteen fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.), especially its peel, is known for its medicinal benefits. However, its extract may take time to show effects, so it is being combined with nanosilver for improved drug distribution. To observe the antibacterial and antibiofilm potential of Mangosteen Peel Extract (MPE) in nanosilver form as a preventive agent in dentistry.

Methods: The extraction was succeeded by a phytochemical assay and biosynthesis of MPE into Mangosteen Peel Extract Nanosilver (MPNs). Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to study this procedure. Disc diffusion tests were used to evaluate the antibacterial properties, and the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were also determined. Furthermore, the antibiofilm activity against S. mutans was investigated.

Results: the phytochemical contents in MPE were flavonoids, tannins, saponins, phenols, alkaloids, triterpenoids, and terpenoids. Particle size of MPNs was 126.1 nm and the Polydispersity Index (PDI) was 0.419. The highest antibacterial concentration as inhibition zone against S. mutans was 16.37±0.38 mm and 119.37±2.16% inhibitory activity, at the highest concentration (100%) p<0.05. The percentage of biofilm inhibition against S. mutans was 27.64-105.94% which was concentration dependent.

Conclusion: MPNs has potential as an antibacterial and antibiofilm agent that can be used as a preventive agent in medicine.