Event-Related Potential Correlates of Biased Cognitive Processing and Control in Substance Abusers: A Review

Hassan Khajehpour; Fahimeh Mohagheghian; Sepideh   Bakht; Nasser   Samadzadehaghdam; Ehsan   Eqlimi; Bahador   Makkiabadi

doi:10.18502/fbt.v6i1.1102

Hassan Khajehpour
Fahimeh Mohagheghian
Sepideh Bakht
Nasser Samadzadehaghdam
Ehsan Eqlimi
Bahador Makkiabadi

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/fbt.v6i1.1102

Keywords: Event-Related Potentials; Substance Abusers; Cue-Reactivity; Cognitive Inhibitory Control; Cognitive Error Processing.

Abstract

Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) have been used in addiction studies to evaluate cognitive performance and craving in individuals with Substance Use Dependence (SUD). This paper reviews studies that used ERPs to investigate cue reactivity, inhibitory control and error processing in SUDs. Five abused substances are included in the investigation, i.e. alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, cocaine, and methamphetamine. For each substance, the main recent findings related to the ERPs are specifically discussed, according to the latency of ERPs.

The results show that individuals with SUDs allocate more attention resources to the cognitive processing of substance-related cues, indexed by increased amplitude of middle and late latency ERPs. Laboratory observations also show amplitude enlargement for early latency ERPs. SUDs reveal a deficiency in the inhibitory control and conscious error processing, indexed by attenuated N2 and Pe amplitude. The cognitive and motor inhibitory component (P3) changes show a controversial result.

This study expands the findings of previous related reviews implying that substance abusers allocate more attentional resources to drug cues indexed by enlarged P3 and LPP amplitude. Regarding P3 elicited in inhibitory control tasks, there is not still convergent results, while N2 and Pe become attenuated as reported in previous reviews. The outcomes also show that the chance of relapse to substance abuse could be predicted by recording ERPs reflecting inhibitory control and error processing.