Nutrition and environmental factors in the first 1,000 days of life: a decisive role in long-term health

Seyede Maryam  Lotfipur; Mahshid  Bokaie

doi:10.18502/wjpn.v7i2.20451

Seyede Maryam Lotfipur Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Mahshid Bokaie Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, Comprehensive Research Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/wjpn.v7i2.20451

Keywords: Maternal nutrition, Environmental exposure, Complementary Feeding, Disease

Abstract

Background: The first 1,000 days of life lay the foundation for health, well-being, learning, and productivity throughout an individual’s lifespan, and also influence the health and well-being of the next generation. This review aimed to examine the role of nutrition and environmental factors during the first 1,000 days of life and their impact on long-term health.

Methods: In this review article conducted in 2025, a targeted search was performed in scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, and Iran Medix using keywords such as “first 1,000 days of life,” “early-life nutrition,” “environmental determinants,” and “long-term health outcomes.” Relevant studies published between 2000 and 2025 were identified. After an initial screening of 200 articles and assessment based on inclusion criteria (including originality, methodological rigor, direct relevance to the topic, and availability of full text), 13 key studies with the highest relevance and quality were selected for in-depth analysis and presentation of findings.

Results: The first 1,000 days of life are influenced by maternal nutrition during pregnancy, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, and environmental factors such as air pollution, chemical exposures, and socio-economic conditions. These factors influence long-term health into adulthood through epigenetic, metabolic, and neurological mechanisms.

Conclusion: The first 1,000 days represent a critical window of opportunity to positively influence a child’s health trajectory by ensuring optimal nutrition and a supportive environment. Emphasizing early investments in this area appears essential as a key strategy for promoting public health and reducing health inequalities.