The Association of Dietary Inflammatory Index with the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study

Somayeh Saboori; Neda mousavi; Farhad Vahid; James R Hebert; Omid Asbaghi; Saeed Choobkar; Mehdi Birjandi; Tooba BahramFard; Esmaeil Yousefi Rad

doi:10.18502/jnfs.v9i3.16151

Somayeh Saboori Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;
Neda mousavi Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Farhad Vahid Nutrition and Health Research Group, Precision Health Department, Luxembourg Institute of Health. Luxembourg
James R Hebert Cancer Prevention and Control Program and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC USA
Omid Asbaghi Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran.
Saeed Choobkar Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
Mehdi Birjandi Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;
Tooba BahramFard Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;
Esmaeil Yousefi Rad Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran;

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jnfs.v9i3.16151

Keywords: Dietary inflammatory index; Diabetes mellitus; Case-control studies.

Abstract

Background: The prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is increasing worldwide, and the role of diet in its etiology has been established. The Dietary inflammatory index (DII) has attracted significant attention in evaluating associations between diet and diseases due to the role of chronic inflammation as an underlying cause of numerous disease processes. Therefore, the relationship between DII score and the risk of T2DM is evaluated in the Iranian population for the first time. Methods: 113 newly diagnosed T2DM patients and 226 apparently disease-free control cases aged 23-59 participated in this case-control study. A valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess dietary intake. Then, energy-adjusted DII (E-DII) scores were computed and categorized into quartiles based on values in the population study. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between DII and the risk of T2DM after controlling for important potential confounders and effect modifiers. Results: A significant association was observed between E-DII score and T2DM in the crude model (P_-trend<0.001), model I (adjusted for physical activity, gender, education level, and family history of T2DM, P_-trend<0.001), model II (adjusted for model
I + body mass index, P_-trend=0.005) (OR_quartile4vs1 =2.98 (95% CI: 1.18, 9.12;
P= 0.005). Conclusions: A direct association was observed between DII score and the risk of T2D, implying that consuming a more anti-inflammatory diet would help to prevent T2DM. Future longitudinal studies should be conducted to further explore this association.