Dietary Animal Protein vs. Plant Protein Sources in Relation to the Risk of Biliary Stone: A Case-Control Study

Kaveh  Naseri; Saeede  Saadati; Fereshteh  Pashayee-Khamene; Azita  Hekmatdoost; Hamid  Asadzadeh-Aghdaei; Seyyed Reza  Sobhani; Mohammad Amin  Shahrbaf; Komeil  Esmaeilinejad; Fatemeh  Hosseini-Oskuiee; Amir  Sadeghi; Shima  Hadavi; Mohammad  Nazari

doi:10.18502/jnfs.v8i2.12603

Kaveh Naseri Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Saeede Saadati Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fereshteh Pashayee-Khamene Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Azita Hekmatdoost Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hamid Asadzadeh-Aghdaei Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Seyyed Reza Sobhani Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Mohammad Amin Shahrbaf Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Komeil Esmaeilinejad Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Hosseini-Oskuiee Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Amir Sadeghi Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shima Hadavi Treatment Department of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Nazari Student Research Committee, Shoushtar Faculty of Medical Sciences, Shoushtar, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jnfs.v8i2.12603

Keywords: Biliary stone; Plant protein; Animal protein

Abstract

Background: Dietary intake is one of the modifiable risk factors for biliary stones. In recent studies, plant protein intake is associated with a lower risk of biliary stones in comparison to animal protein intake; however, the results are contradictory. The current study aims to compare the effect of animal protein and plant protein on the formation of biliary stone in one of the gastroenterology and liver disease centers in Iran.

Methods: 110 participants who had a history of biliary stone and 230 controls who were normal in terms of biliary diseases and referred to the medical center from November 2017 to October 2018 enrolled in this study. Food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used for the nutritional assessment; moreover, demographic and anthropometric data, habitual history and comorbidities were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS software.

Results: Plant protein consumption was significantly lower (P=0.03) and animal protein intake was significantly higher (P=0.02) among men in case compared to controls. Furthermore, the relationship between biliary stone disease and animal protein intake was significant in crude model for men (OR: 1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.05). In addition, the risk of biliary stone was significantly lower in patients with higher consumption of plant protein (for women: OR: 0.94, 95% CI=0.89-0.99, for both sexes: OR: 0.96, 95%CI=0.93-0.99).

Conclusion: The present study suggested that consumption of animal protein sources increased the risk of biliary stone, and intake of plant protein sources decreased the risk of biliary stone.