Synthesis and Clinical Examination of Novel Formulations of Ivermectin, Albendazole and Niclosamide for the Treatment of Equine Gastrointestinal Helminthoses

Victor Alexeevich  Marchenko; Salavat Samadovich  Khalikov; Ivan  Vladimirovich  Biryukov; Elena Alexandrovna  Efremova; Mikhail  Mikhailovich Ilyin; Alireza  Sazmand

doi:10.18502/ijpa.v18i1.12381

Victor Alexeevich Marchenko Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology, Town 35, Barnaul, Russia
Salavat Samadovich Khalikov A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
Ivan Vladimirovich Biryukov Federal Altai Scientific Center for Agrobiotechnology, Town 35, Barnaul, Russia
Elena Alexandrovna Efremova Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-Bio Technologies RAS, Krasnoobsk, Russia
Mikhail Mikhailovich Ilyin A.N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds Russian Academy of Science, Moscow, Russia
Alireza Sazmand Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, 6517658978 Hamedan, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijpa.v18i1.12381

Keywords: Albendazole; Helminths; Horses; Ivermectin; Mechanochemistry; Niclosamide

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop new complex preparations of ivermectin, niclosamide and albendazole based on solid-phase mechanochemical technology, and to evaluate their efficacy against equine nematodosis and cestodosis.

Methods: Novel formulation of antiparasitic paste were prepared using joint mechanochemical treatment of ivermectin (0.2 mg/kg bodyweight; BW), niclosamide (10 mg/kg BW) and albendazole (3, 5, 10 mg/kg BW) substances with polyvinylpyrrolidone and arabinogalactan. For the evaluation of activity of different doses of formulations against gastrointestinal tract helminths a total of 151 adult horses of the Novoaltai breed weighing 450–500 kg naturally infected with strongyles (>150 egg per gram of faeces, EPG), Parascaris spp. (>20 EPG) and Anoplocephala spp. (>10 EPG) were selected. Antiparasitic pastes were orally fed to the horses and faecal egg count reduction counts were compared prior to and 14 days after the treatment.

Results: Pastes with mechanically modified ivermectin showed 91.4–100% efficacy against strongyles and Parascaris. Pastes with modified albendazole and niclosamide were also effective against Anoplocephala in all tested dosages i.e. 78.6–100%. In particular, treatment with two formulations containing i) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 10 mg albendazole, 10 mg niclosamide, and ii) 0.2 mg ivermectin, 3 mg albendazole showed 100% efficacy against strongyles, Parascaris and Anoplocephala.

Conclusion: Solid-phase mechanochemical technology could be applied in equine anthelminthics production. It is suggested that future studies focus on plasma concentration-time profile of these highly effective pastes.