Flow Cytometric DNA Ploidy Analysis in Haemato-Lymphoid Neoplasms: An Analysis of 132 Cases

  • Nishit Gupta Department of Haematology, BLK Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India, 110005
  • Aditi Mittal Department of Haematology, BLK Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India, 110005
  • Tina Dadu Department of Haematology, BLK Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India, 110005
  • Dharma Choudhary Department of Hemato-oncology and Bone marrow transplant, BLK Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India, 110005
  • Anil Handoo Department of Haematology, BLK Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India, 110005
Keywords: DNA ploidy; FxCycle™ violet; S-phase fraction; Cytogenetics; Karyotyping

Abstract

Background: FxCycleTM Violet (FCV) based flow cytometric (FCM) DNA ploidy analysis is a rapid and simple tool that can substantiate in characterizing the biological behaviour across the spectrum of haematological malignancies and correlates with cytogenetic studies.

Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, we performed simultaneous immunophenotyping with FCV based on  ploidy analysis in n=132 consecutive new samples, comprising n=110 samples of haemato-lymphoid neoplasms, including acute leukemias (n=67, 60.9%), CML with myeloid blast crisis (n=1, 0.9%), MDS with excess blasts (n=2, 1.8%), mature B cell/ T cell neoplasms (n=37, 33.7%), multiple myeloma (n=3, 2.7%) along with n=22 normal samples. The FCM DNA data was compared with corresponding conventional karyotyping results, wherever available.

Results: In FCM ploidy analysis (n=110), the overall DNA index (DI) ranged from 0.81 to 2.17 and S-Phase fraction (SPF) from 0.1-31.6%. Diploidy was seen in n = 90 (81.8%), low-hyperdiploidy in n = 10 (9.1%), high-hyperdiploidy in n = 7 (6.4%) with one case each (0.9% each) having near-tetraploidy, high-hypodiploidy and low-hypodiploidy. The DI of all viable cell populations in normal samples ranged from 0.96-1.05. Conventional karyotyping was performed in n=76/110 cases (70%) with n= 11/76 (15%) culture failures. The modal chromosome number ranged from 45 to 63. A concordance of 95.4% (n=62/65) was noted with corresponding FCM DI.

Conclusion: FCV-based ploidy is a sensitive technique that provides complementary information and ascertains a strong correlation with conventional cytogenetics across all haemato-lymphoid neoplasms. It can detect aneuploidy in all B-ALL and myeloma cases, even in hemodiluted samples with cytogenetic culture failure; supplement the diagnoses of erythroleukemia, and provide a useful screen for a higher grade lymph node disease in lymphoma cases with SPF > 3%.

Published
2022-01-22
Section
Articles