Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy for Oral Lichen Planus: A Paradigm Shift from Palliation to Regeneration?

Abstract

Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic, T-cell-mediated inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa, notable for its symptomatic burden and potential for malignant transformation. While corticosteroids and immunosuppressants remain the standard of care, their transient efficacy and adverse effect profile underscore a significant unmet clinical need. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their multifaceted immunomodulatory and regenerative capabilities, are emerging as a compelling therapeutic alternative. This editorial synthesizes current evidence, positing that MSCs can fundamentally disrupt the immunopathogenic cycle of OLP. We explore the mechanisms by which MSCs re-establish immune tolerance and promote tissue repair, and we critically assess the translational pathway from preclinical models to clinical application. Despite promising results, the journey to clinical adoption necessitates overcoming hurdles in standardization, delivery, and safety profiling. We argue that MSC-based therapy represents not merely an incremental improvement, but a potential paradigm shift towards a curative strategy for this recalcitrant disease.