Medical history risk factors in primary progressive multiple sclerosis: A case-control study

Hossein Maroufi; Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi; Hossein  Rezaei-Aliabadi; Mohammad Ali Sahraian; Sharareh Eskandarieh

doi:10.18502/cjn.v20i2.6744

Hossein Maroufi Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abdorreza Naser Moghadasi Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hossein Rezaei-Aliabadi Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
Mohammad Ali Sahraian Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sharareh Eskandarieh Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/cjn.v20i2.6744

Keywords: Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis; Medical History Taking; Risk Factors

Abstract

Background: The association between medical history and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) development has not been well documented in the pertinent literature. The possible association between 23 medical diseases and PPMS occurrence was assessed in the present study.

Methods: In order to figure out the possible association between several medical histories and PPMS occurrence, the present population-based
case-control study examined 143 PPMS cases in Tehran, Iran, from 2019 to 2020. Diagnosis of PPMS was confirmed by neurologists based on the 2017 McDonald criteria. Sex-matched healthy controls (n = 143) were selected using the random-digit dialing (RDD) technique. Face-to-face and telephone interviews were conducted for gathering the data. The conditional logistic regression model was used to calculate adjusted and unadjusted odds ratio (OR) at a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Results: A significant association was found between PPMS development and diseases like depression (OR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.49-6.53), migraine (OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.05-0.67), infectious mononucleosis (OR = 13.16, 95% CI: 2.74-63.17), hypothyroidism (OR = 3.20, 95% CI: 1.23-8.30), and kidney failure (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.41-9.99).

Conclusion: Lifetime history of depression, infectious mononucleosis, hypothyroidism, and kidney failure might increase the risk of PPMS development, while individuals with positive history of migraine disease are at lower risk for developing PPMS.