Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Based on Age, Gender, and Education Level

Elham Hassanshahi; Zahra Asadollahi; Hossein Azin; Jalal Hassanshahi; Amin Hassanshahi; Mahdieh Azin

doi:10.18502/acta.v58i10.4912

Elham Hassanshahi
Zahra Asadollahi
Hossein Azin
Jalal Hassanshahi
Amin Hassanshahi
Mahdieh Azin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v58i10.4912

Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; Judgment of line orientation (JLO); Brief visuospatial memory test-revised (BVMT-R); Symbol digit modalities test (SDMT); Cognitive function

Abstract

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is defined as an inflammatory, progressive, and autoimmune disease in the central nervous system, recognized by its subsequent demyelination and neurodegeneration. Cognitive disorders are among the most severe problems in patients with MS, affecting their personal and professional life. This study is aimed to evaluate memory and visual learning, visual processing speed, and spatial perception in MS patients based on age, gender, and level of education. This cross-sectional study was carried out on 42 MS patients (based on McDonald’s criteria). The level of disability in patients was assessed using EDSS, and cognitive performance was evaluated by the use of judgment of line orientation (JLO), symbol digit modalities test (SDMT), and revised brief visuospatial memory test (BVMT-R). In this study, patients were within the age range of 20-51 years, 73.8% of which were female, and 61.9% had academic degrees. According to the classes of independent variables (gender, education level), no significant difference was observed in the mean scores of dependent variables (JLO, SDMT, and BVMR-T scores) (P>0.05). In addition, age as a confounding variable had no impact (P>0.05). In addition, gender and level of education had no significant interaction (P>0.05). According to the results of the study, age, gender, and education level had no significant effect on memory and visual learning, visual processing speed, and spatial perception.