Renal Function in Children With Congenital Heart Defect

Noor Mohammad  Noori; Simin Sadeghi  Bojd; Alireza  Teimouri

doi:10.18502/acta.v64i4.21990

Noor Mohammad Noori Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Simin Sadeghi Bojd Professor of Pediatric Nephrology, Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Alireza Teimouri Children and Adolescents’ Health Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v64i4.21990

Keywords: Congenital heart defect; Children; Renal involvement

Abstract

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common type of congenital birth defect. The study aimed to assess the effect of CHD on renal involvement in comparison with the controls. This case control study conducted on 140 children with CHD and 70 healthy children in the years of 2022 and 2023. CHD diagnosis and based on the level of O2 saturation divided in CCHD and aCCHD. Potassium, sodium, hemoglobin in blood and creatinine and albumin in urine were measured in all participants. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered as a marker of renal involvement. The data analyzed with SPSS 22 and the level of significant considered equal or less than 0.05. Sex distribution was similar in groups of participants (X2=0.976, P=0.614). About 36.10% of the children with CCHD had renal involvement when this rate was 6.30% and 2.90% in aCCHD and the controls respectively (X2=36.154, P<0.001). Pairwise comparisons showed (C.C=0.350, P<0.001), (C.C=0.394, P<0.001), (C.C=0.082, P=0.317) for the pairs of CCHD-aCCHD, CCHD-Controls and aCCHD-Controls, respectively. The children with CCHD had odds ratio of 19.179 and the children with aCCHD had an odds ratio of 2.297 related to the reference (controls) group. The study concluded that children with cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD) exhibited a significantly higher risk of renal involvement compared to those with acyanotic congenital heart disease (aCCHD) and healthy controls. The chronic hypoxemia characteristic of CCHD may lead to compensatory erythrocytosis, resulting in elevated hemoglobin levels, which in turn may contribute to renal impairment through mechanisms such as increased blood viscosity, reduced renal perfusion, and glomerular injury.