Investigating the Effect of Iron Supplementation on Fertility Outcomes in Women With a History of Infertility

Nazanin  Hojjati; Elena  Nakhaei; Sina  Mohajernoei; Somayeh  Ghorbani; Selma  Tajizadeh; Farahnazsadat  Ahmadi

doi:10.18502/acta.v64i1.21035

Nazanin Hojjati Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Elena Nakhaei Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Sina Mohajernoei Department of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Somayeh Ghorbani Department of Cancer Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Selma Tajizadeh Department of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
Farahnazsadat Ahmadi Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v64i1.21035

Keywords: Ectopic pregnancy; Iron supplementation; Serum iron; Fertility results; Pregnancy; Embryo quality; Embryo number; Infertility

Abstract

Iron deficiency is a common condition in women of reproductive age and has been associated with infertility and suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. Iron supplementation may improve fertility outcomes, but its effects on embryo quality and other reproductive parameters remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of iron supplementation on pregnancy outcomes, embryo number, and embryo quality in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial included 112 women aged 20-39 undergoing IVF. Participants were divided into two groups: one receiving iron supplements and the other serving as a control group. The study assessed pregnancy outcomes, the number of embryos, and embryo quality. Data were analyzed using statistical tests, including two-way ANOVA and logistic regression, with a significance threshold of P<0.05. Women who received iron supplementation had significantly higher pregnancy rates (50%) compared to the control group (28.5%, P=0.020). The number of embryos was also significantly higher in the iron group (5.00±3.297) than in the control group (3.39±0.888, P=0.001). However, embryo quality did not differ significantly between the two groups (P=0.055). BMI was positively associated with the number of embryos (P=0.002). Still, other factors, including age, endometrial thickness, and years of infertility, showed no significant effects on pregnancy outcomes or embryo quality. Iron supplementation improves pregnancy outcomes and the number of embryos in women undergoing IVF, but does not significantly impact embryo quality. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating iron supplementation into IVF protocols; however, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosing and long-term effects.