Morphological and Morphometric Analysis of the Incisive Foramen: A Retrospective Study on Dry Human Skulls

Beatriz  Quevedo; Beatriz Sobrinho  Sangalette; Ivna Albano  Lopes; João Vitor Tadashi  Cosin Shindo; Jesus Carlos  Andreo; Cássia Maria Fischer  Rubira; Izabel Regina Fischer  Rubira-Bullen; Gustavo Lopes  Toledo; André Luis  Shinohara

doi:10.18502/fid.v23i4.20853

Beatriz Quevedo Department of Biological Sciences-Anatomy, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Beatriz Sobrinho Sangalette Department of Biological Sciences-Anatomy, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Ivna Albano Lopes Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo -FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
João Vitor Tadashi Cosin Shindo Department of Biological Sciences-Anatomy, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Jesus Carlos Andreo Department of Biological Sciences-Anatomy, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Cássia Maria Fischer Rubira Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Izabel Regina Fischer Rubira-Bullen Department of Surgery, Stomatology, Pathology and Radiology, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil
Gustavo Lopes Toledo Department of Anatomy, Bauru School of Medical, College Nine of July of Bauru. Nicolau Asis, Bauru-SP, Brazil
André Luis Shinohara Department of Biological Sciences-Anatomy, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo - FOB/USP Alameda Octávio Pinheiro Brisola, Bauru-SP, Brazil

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/fid.v23i4.20853

Keywords: Anatomy; Anesthesia, Dental; Anesthesia, Local

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the morphological and morphometric characteristics of the incisive foramen and incisive canal in dry human skulls.

Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 150 dry adult skulls, with no distinction regarding sex or ethnicity. The analysis included the number of incisive canals within the foramen, their dimensions (area and diameter), and their anatomical connections with the incisive fossa and the nasal cavity.

Results: All incisive canals were found to communicate with the nasal cavity. The most frequently observed configuration was foramina containing two or more canals.

Conclusion: Precise anatomical knowledge about the incisive canal and its foramen is essential for clinical procedures involving the anterior maxilla. Morphological variations in this region may affect surgical access, technique selection, and procedural outcomes.