Unusual Cutaneous Manifestation of Acute Lymphoblasic Leukemia in aChild

Abstract

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) is a prevalent cancer in pediatrics. The cutaneousmanifestation known as leukemia cutis is an unusual presentation of ALL, and patientswith this manifestation have a poor prognosis. In this report, we present a 3-year-old boy who was referred to our clinic with cutaneous manifestations of ALL andresponded well to treatment.A 3-year-old male patient was referred to our clinic for swelling in the left posteriorthoracic region. The child’s parents reported an observable bulging in the abdominalarea. Ultrasonography revealed splenomegaly and a hypoechoic mass measuring11 mm × 8 mm in the anterior superior cortex of the right kidney. Laboratorystudies indicated leukocytosis. Imaging findings suggested potential metastatic liverinvolvement, with a less probable diagnosis of secondary non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL). Bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy of the thoracic lesion wereperformed. The BMA confirmed a diagnosis of acute pre-B cell lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL), and the cutaneous biopsy indicated infiltration by leukemic cells. The patientwas initiated on a standard treatment regimen, to which he responded well. Leukemiacutis is rare in children and may present as unresponsive swelling. Pediatricians shouldconsider it when standard treatments fail