Bacteriological Profile of Urinary Tract Infection in Patients with Nephrolithiasis and their Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in North India

Abstract

Background: Nephrolithiasis is a common urological condition often associated with urinary tractinfections (UTIs). Identifying the bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance patterns in suchpatients is essential for effective management and prevention of recurrence. To determine thebacteriological profile of urine in patients with nephrolithiasis and assess the antibiotic susceptibilitypatterns of the isolated organisms.

Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 200 patients with nephrolithiasis at atertiary care hospital. Midstream urine samples were collected aseptically and cultured using standardmicrobiological techniques. Isolated organisms were identified, and antibiotic susceptibility testingwas performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines.Demographic data and other characteristics were also documented

Results: Out of 200 patients, 136 (68%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli was themost common isolate (44.1%), followed by Enterococcus spp. (23.5%) and Pseudomonas spp.(15.4%). E. coli showed high sensitivity to nitrofurantoin (96%) and amikacin (90%) but lowsensitivity to ciprofloxacin (23%). Enterococcus spp. exhibited good sensitivity to vancomycin (95%)and linezolid (93%) but high resistance to fluoroquinolones. Pseudomonas spp. demonstrated highsusceptibility to imipenem (89%) and piperacillin-tazobactam (80%).

Conclusion: Urinary tract infections are common among patients with nephrolithiasis, with E. colibeing the predominant pathogen. Increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics underscores theneed for routine urine culture and sensitivity testing. Culture-based therapy and antibiotic stewardshipare vital to improving outcomes in these patients