In Vitro Investigation on Antimicrobial and Antifungal Effects of Medicinal Smoke Anbar Nesara

Sedigheh  Mousaei; Mohamad Mahdi  Ejtehadi; Zahra  Esmaeili; Fatemeh  Mahjoub; Maliheh  Motavasselian; Lida  Jarahi; Zahra  Mortezaei

doi:10.18502/jmb.v13i3.19503

Sedigheh Mousaei Student Research Committee, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Mohamad Mahdi Ejtehadi Ejtehadi Medical Laboratory, Sciences of Laboratory, Mashhad University Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Zahra Esmaeili Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Fatemeh Mahjoub Department of Persian medicine, School of Persian and complementary medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Maliheh Motavasselian Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Lida Jarahi Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Zahra Mortezaei Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jmb.v13i3.19503

Keywords: Antimicrobial effect, Anbar Nesara smoke, Antifungal effect, Persian medicine.

Abstract

Background: Bacterial antibiotic resistance is increasing, and using natural alternatives is very important. Medical smoke has been prevalent in the treatment of various diseases for many years. This study investigates the antimicrobial effect of Anbar Nesara (AN) smoke on Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans.

Methods: In this study, AN smoke is considered as a case, and antibiotic and antifungal groups as controls. Standard and clinical strains of Candida albicans, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes were prepared. The antibacterial effect of the extract was determined by diffusion in agar and micro-broth dilution.

Results: This research showed that AN smoke can effectively affect Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, and Streptococcus pyogenes at concentrations above 100 mg/ml and on Candida albicans at concentrations above 15.62 mg/ml. The most significant effects were related to the concentration above 500 mg/dL, significantly different from antibiotic discs. The most sensitive microorganism to AN smoke is Candida albicans, and the most resistant bacterium to it is Escherichia coli.

Conclusion: AN smoke has antimicrobial properties and can be considered as complementary treatment.