Coping Strategies for Social Challenges in Mothers of Children With Autism: A Content Analysis Study

Abstract

Objective: Mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Iran encounter profound social challenges, such as stigma, blame, isolation, and inadequate support, intensified by cultural norms and limited resources. This qualitative study aimed to explore coping strategies used by these mothers in Urmia, northwestern Iran.

Materials and methods: Employing conventional content analysis per Graneheim and Lundman’s framework, we purposively sampled 18 mothers of children aged 3–18 years with confirmed ASD, ensuring maximum variation. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted from January 2024 to June 2025 until data saturation. Transcripts were coded and analyzed iteratively via MAXQDA software, with rigor maintained through credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability.

Results: The overarching theme was “Multifaceted Coping Strategies for Social Challenges,” encompassing four categories: [1] Individual Coping Factors (acceptance, positive reappraisal, self-care, emotional regulation, knowledge acquisition); [2] Interpersonal and Relational Coping Factors (selective social engagement, family/spousal support, educating others); [3] Spiritual and Cultural Coping Factors (religious beliefs, prayer, finding meaning, patience); and [4] Community and External Support Coping Factors (support groups, advocacy, awareness efforts, professional guidance).

Conclusion: Mothers integrated emotion-focused (especially spiritual) and problem-focused strategies, influenced by Iranian cultural, religious, and collectivist contexts, underscoring needs for culturally tailored interventions, stigma reduction, and enhanced support services to bolster resilience.