Hydroxymethylfurfural Content and Sugar Profile of Honey  Available in Bangladesh Using Validated HPLC-PDA and  HPLC-RID

S.  Das; M.N.  Uddin; M.S.  Haque; D.  Chakraborty; M.  Mostafa; A.  Hasnaine; S.K.  Das; M.  Uddin

doi:10.18502/jfqhc.9.3.11154

S. Das Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram-4,220, Bangladesh
M.N. Uddin Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4,331, Bangladesh
M.S. Haque Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4,331, Bangladesh
D. Chakraborty Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram-4,220, Bangladesh
M. Mostafa Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram-4,220, Bangladesh
A. Hasnaine Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4,331, Bangladesh
S.K. Das Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR) Chattogram Laboratories, Chattogram-4,220, Bangladesh
M. Uddin Department of Chemistry, University of Chittagong, Chittagong-4,331, Bangladesh

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.9.3.11154

Keywords: Honey, 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Fraud, Sucrose, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Honey has a lot of reputation because of its supposed medicinal properties. In this study, Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), sugars, and Fructose/Glucose ratio of honey in Bangladesh were assessed for adulteration and authenticity evaluation.

Methods: Seventy honey samples collected from different districts of Bangladesh were analyzed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for HMF content and sugar profile. The samples were prepared by using Carrez I and Carrez II prior to injecting into HPLC. The samples were then filtered through syringe filter and taken in 1.5 ml vial for injecting into the HPLC system.

Results: HMF values were ranging from 1.41 mg/kg to 2,063.90 mg/kg. The Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) was found 0.10 mg/kg and 0.33 mg/kg with R²=0.9994. The average values of fructose, glucose, and sucrose were in the range of 14.75-52.44%, 8.19-42.63%, and 0.10-21.12%, respectively. From validation parameters, LOD values for fructose, glucose, and sucrose were 0.003, 0.008, and 0.004%, respectively; and LOQ values were 0.01, 0.028, and 0.015%, respectively with an excellent linearity with R² for fructose=1.0, glucose=0.9999, and sucrose=1.0.

Conclusion: Some samples had higher HMF content which may be due to the storage time was increased and improper processing with high temperature or adulteration by High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS), sugar cane syrup, rice syrups or rice molasses. The sugar profiles showed that the most of honey samples were nectar honeys.