The Comparison of Demographic Indicators and Clinical Risk Factors in Discharged and Dead Patients Due to COVID-19

Abstract

Introduction: SARS-Covid 2 is a new type of coronavirus which is a serious threat to all countries. Identifying the risk factors and investigating cases between deaths and discharge can increase public awareness to deal with this virus more easily.

Methods: We conducted a case-control study on 274 patients with COVID-19 between March 1, 2020, and April 30, 2020. The cases were 137 COVID-19 patients discharged from the hospital, and the controls were patients who died due to COVID-19. Patient's information was obtained with demographic, clinical risk factors questionnaire, and their medical records.

Result: The results showed that the age over 70, overweight, and high body mass index were significant predictors of death due to COVID-19. Opium use was associated with the death of COVID-19; however, it was not a significant predictor as an independent variable. Histories of chronic disease, as well as clinical signs of dyspnea, were significantly associated with death due to COVID-19. Fever and myalgia were introduced as the supportive clinical signs, so fever and myalgia were significantly more common in discharged individuals.

Conclusion: Given that in this study, age over 70, overweight, obesity, opium use, and having clinical symptoms such as chronic diseases and dyspnea have been introduced as the risk factors for death due to COVID-19, so it is recommended due to lack of access to the appropriate vaccine to prevent COVID-19, during the outbreak of the virus. To prevent infection and spread of the virus, further training is required in the use of face masks, reducing traffic in public places, and proper handwashing.