A Comparative Study of Driving Training and Licensing Systems in Selected Countries

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The driver licensing and training system, as the first step for drivers entering the traffic environment, plays a decisive role in shaping the knowledge, attitude, and skills of novice drivers. this study aimed to compare the main components of driver training and licensing systems in selected countries, given the structural differences that exist between them.

Methods: This comparative study was conducted in 2021 through a literature review using predefined keywords in national and international databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Safelite, Safelir, Google Scholar, and the official websites of transportation and traffic authorities in the selected countries. Countries were chosen based on geographical diversity, level of development, and availability of official information. Data were extracted independently by two of researchers in five domains: theoretical training, educational content, practical training, health assessments, and licensing examinations.

Results: The results showed that theoretical and practical hazard perception training was offered in only four countries (Japan, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom), and was mandatory only in Sweden. Physical health and vision tests were conducted in all selected countries, whereas mental health assessments were available only in the Netherlands and Sweden. The duration of theoretical training ranged from a 3 day course in Pakistan to 26 sessions in Japan, indicating substantial variation in the investment in training novice drivers.

Conclusion: Structural and content differences in driver education and licensing systems across countries can influence the knowledge and skill levels of new drivers. Revising driver education systems in developing countries with an emphasis on mandatory hazard perception training and the integration of mental health assessments into the licensing process could provide an evidence based strategy for policymakers to enhance traffic safety.