Investigation of Gastroenteritis Outbreak Among Students Residing in Dormitories at Hamadan University of Technology-2024: A Case Control Study

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to identify the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of gastroenteritis outbreaks among students residing in the dormitories of Hamadan University of Technology in 2024.

Methods: A case–control study was conducted among dormitory students at Hamadan University of Technology during an outbreak from October 28 to October 31, 2024.Cases were students showing symptoms of gastroenteritis, such as diarrhea, vomiting, nausea, and abdominal pain; controls were students who ate the same meals but did not show symptoms. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and analyses were performed using Stata version 18. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models).

Results: A total of 138 students (69 cases and 69 controls) aged 18–26 years were included in the study. The epidemic curve suggested a point source outbreak with a short incubation period of 2–48 hours, and the peak of cases occurred on October 30, 2024. The most common symptoms were nausea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting. Multivariable analysis showed that consumption of koofteh (meatball dish) was significantly associated with gastroenteritis (OR = 5.02, 95% CI: 3.61–81.89, p < 0.001), while no significant association was observed between other food items and the occurrence of gastroenteritis.

Conclusion: The outbreak was likely linked to a meal served in the university cafeteria, specifically Koofteh. These results highlighted the importance of strict food hygiene practices in meal preparation, storage, and distribution in communal settings. Health education for food service staff and consumers, along with effective sanitary supervision, is strongly recommended.