Impact of Exercise on Fall and Its Consequences among Elderly People

Mehdi  Kushkestani; Mohsen  Parvani; Raheleh  Baradaran; Alireza  Rezaei; Hamed Pourhamzeh

doi:10.18502/ehj.v9i1.13109

Mehdi Kushkestani Wellness and Lifestyle Science Initiative Group, School of Art and Science, Rutgers University New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States
Mohsen Parvani Department of Physical Activity and Health, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
Raheleh Baradaran Allameh Bohlool Gonabadi Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Alireza Rezaei Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences University of Tehran, Alborz Campus, Tehran, Iran
Hamed Pourhamzeh Department of sport pathology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ehj.v9i1.13109

Keywords: Aerobic Exercise, Exercise Therapy, Sarcopenia, Elderly, Health

Abstract

Falls are a threat to the health of older adults and can reduce their ability to remain independent. Furthermore, fall is known as one of the geriatric syndromes and is more common in older people and about 20 to 40 percent of older people have reported a history of falling per year. It should be noted that fall or fear of falling causes immobility in the elderly and immobility is linked with various non-communicable diseases, geriatric syndromes development, and mortality in the long term. As a result, finding a cost-effective, safe, and proper approach to prevent, control, and even treat of falls is absolutely crucial. Regarding the exercise benefits in all ages especially in the elderly, we supposed that various types of exercise such as aerobic, balance, and resistance training with different intensities have variant advantages in these subjects. Therefore, in this review study, we investigated the charter of different types of exercise in preventing and controlling fall based on recent evidence, providing involved mechanisms, as well as the effects of exercises on fall-related risk factors.