Study of Genome, Vaccine and Probable Anti Viral Drugs to Save the World From the Capture of SARS-CoV-2: A Mini-Review

Arun Kumar Pradhan; Manoranjan Arakha; Binay Kumar Sahoo; Debapriya Bhattacharya

doi:10.18502/acta.v60i4.9263

Arun Kumar Pradhan Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
Manoranjan Arakha Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India
Binay Kumar Sahoo Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Debapriya Bhattacharya Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v60i4.9263

Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); Chloroquine; Spike protein; Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) receptor; Pandemic

Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a single-stranded RNA (+) virus and causes infectious disease by the viral strain "severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" (SARS-CoV-2). Now, COVID-19 has become pandemic, and there are neither potential vaccines nor drugs discovered. Its RNA contains genes for structural (S, E, M, N) and non-structural proteins (PLpro, 3CLpro, RdRp, Hel). Interaction between the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 and the ACE 2 receptor of the host cell plays a vital role in the entry of the virus into the cell. Favipiravir, ribavirin, remdesivir, galidesivir, lopinavir, ritonavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine are the few effective drugs against SARS-CoV-2. Live attenuated virus (mutant MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV or recombination with another live attenuated virus) can act as vaccine platforms against SARS CoV-2 along with DNA vaccine and subunit vaccine.