Pulmonary Sequestration Presenting as Lung Abscess: A Case Report

Abstract

Pulmonary sequestration is a rare congenital lesion in which a portion of lung tissue has no connection with the tracheobronchial tree and is supplied by systemic arteries. This report describes a case of intralobar sequestration (ILS) in a 37-year-old male presenting with recurrent infections, chronic cough, hemoptysis, and weight loss, initially mimicking a lung abscess. Despite transient improvement with antibiotics, symptoms persisted. Computed tomography angiography was pivotal for diagnosis, revealing a cavitary lesion in the left lower lobe supplied by an aberrant artery from the aorta. The patient successfully underwent lobectomy. This case underscores that ILS is a critical differential diagnosis for non-resolving pulmonary infections. CTA is essential for identifying the aberrant vasculature, and surgical resection remains the definitive treatment to prevent complications and ensure a cure.This case emphasizes the importance of using advanced imaging for early and accurate diagnosis of treatment-resistant pulmonary infections.