Association of Diabetic Retinopathy and Sleep Quality

Nour Mohammad Panahi; Hamidreza Khosravi; Seyed Reza Hosseini; Ali Bijani; Gholam Abbas Roustaei; Mehrnoosh Ghasemi; Ebrahim Mekaniki; Reza Ghadimi; Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad

doi:10.18502/acta.v61i8.14905

Nour Mohammad Panahi Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Hamidreza Khosravi Student Research Committee, Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Seyed Reza Hosseini Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Ali Bijani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Gholam Abbas Roustaei Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Mehrnoosh Ghasemi Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Ebrahim Mekaniki Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Reza Ghadimi Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
Seyed Ahmad Rasoulinejad Department of Ophthalmology, Ayatollah Rouhani Hospital, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v61i8.14905

Keywords: Sleep latency; Sleep initiation and maintenance disorders; Daytime dysfunction; Diabetic retinopathy

Abstract

Sleep disorders are more common in diabetes mellitus (DM) cases rather than normal ones. In addition, this condition could be associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR) development with more inflammatory indices in circulation. In the present study, we have evaluated the association between DR and sleep quality. This cross-sectional study is a part of the second phase of the study of the elderly cohort of Amirkola City, which was conducted in 2015-2016 on all people aged 60 and higher. Of all diabetic cases, 44 cases had retinopathy and were selected as the case group. To compare two control groups, 135 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 135 people without diabetes were randomly selected. The presence and type of retinopathy were determined based on an eye physical examination by an ophthalmologist. In addition, sleep quality was evaluated based on the Pittsburgh Questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test, and linear regression tests. In the present study, there was a significant difference in the score of the Pittsburgh questionnaire between people with DR (45.5±68.2) compared to diabetic people without retinopathy (76.5±48.2) and people without diabetes (95.4±36.2) (P=0.470), but diabetic people without retinopathy had significantly worse sleep quality than people without diabetes (P=0.019). Also, sleep quality in women with DR was worse than in men (P=014). In the linear regression analysis, it was observed that age, gender, diabetes, and history of depression significantly affect the sleep quality of the evaluated cases (P<0.05 for all). According to the results of the present study, DR does not negatively influence the quality of sleep, and DR is not related to sleep disorders.