Is the ChAdOx1 Vaccine Safe and Immunogenic as Prophylactic Measure Against the Lethal Human-Coronaviruses? A Systematic Review

Andréia Michelle Alves  Cunha de Alcântara; Ivan de Alcântara  Barbosa Barros; Luiz Paulo de  Souza Prazeres; Ivan  Barbosa Barros; Maria De  Mascena Diniz Maia; Paulo Roberto  Eleutério de Souza

doi:10.18502/acta.v61i4.13169

Andréia Michelle Alves Cunha de Alcântara Department of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
Ivan de Alcântara Barbosa Barros Department of Computer Engineering, Institute of Education and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
Luiz Paulo de Souza Prazeres Department of Medicine, Federal University of Alagoas, Alagoas, Brazil
Ivan Barbosa Barros Department of Mathematics, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
Maria De Mascena Diniz Maia Department of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
Paulo Roberto Eleutério de Souza Department of Animal Bioscience, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/acta.v61i4.13169

Keywords: Chimpanzee adenovirus oxford 1 (ChAdOx1); Vaccine; Coronavirus; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2); Middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Abstract

Knowledge of other Coronaviruses has contributed to the development of a vaccine for the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). As soon as the genetic sequence of SARS-CoV-2 was released, intense global activity around different vaccine platform technologies started. Among these platforms, the viral vectored chimpanzee adenovirus Oxford1 (ChAdOx1)-previously studied for various indications, including for the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) vaccine, and currently is adapted for the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (novel Coronavirus-19). Therefore, this systematic review aimed to investigate the potential of the ChAdOx1 platform for the development of a vaccine for SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, the Lethal Human-Coronaviruses (Lh-CoVs). For this purpose, a highly sensitive literary search was conducted through electronic databases that reached 1,445 related articles, of which, eight articles were elected according to previous eligibility criteria. The gathering of the articles demonstrated that the previous approaches, referring to the ChAdox1 platform, have contributed to the development of vaccines against Lh-CoVs and, that thus far, ChAdOx1 (nCoV-19 and MERS) vaccines are safe and immunogenic. However, it is important to emphasize that further studies are needed to ensure the effectiveness of vaccines in humans.