Prevalence of Malocclusions in Autistic Patients in Isfahan

Zahra Ali Mehtari; Mehdi Rafiei; Saeed Azarbayjani; Neda Ahmadi Rouzbehani; Amir Hossain Moeini

doi:10.18502/ijds.v17i3.7536

Zahra Ali Mehtari Graduated in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Mehdi Rafiei Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Saeed Azarbayjani Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Neda Ahmadi Rouzbehani Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.
Amir Hossain Moeini Postgradute Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijds.v17i3.7536

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Malocclusion, Prevalence.

Abstract

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interaction and communication with repetitive and restrictive stereotyped behavioral patterns. The Prevalence of autism has been reported to be increased in recent years. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of different types of malocclusion among ASD patients in Isfahan in 2018.

Materials & Methods: In a descriptive and cross-sectional trial, 92 ASD patients were studied in the age range of 7-18 years at the center for autism patients in Isfahan. Clinical oral examinations of patients are taken to assess the involved malocclusions (Cl I, Cl II and Cl III malocclusions) and malocclusion traits (deep bite, open bite and cross bite) by an educated dental student under the supervision of an orthodontist under natural light. The data are reported using frequency and percentage indices.

Results: Class I malocclusion had the highest prevalence 54.3% (50) among ASD patients and the prevalence of class II and class III were found to be 19.6% (18) and 7.6% (7) respectively. The frequency of malocclusions traits of deep bite, cross bite and the open bite were 27.2% (25), 18.5% (17) and 7.6% (7) respectively. Among of the total patients, 65.2% (60) showed normal bite and 18/5% (17) showed Normal occlusion.

Conclusion: ASD patients showed class I, class II and class III malocclusions from the most to least frequency and the most frequent malocclusion traits were also deep bite, cross bite and open bite respectively.