A Review on Prevention, Transmission and Symptoms of the Covid-19

Abstract

Introduction: Coronavirus belongs to a family of viruses that can cause symptoms such as pneumonia, fever, shortness of breath and lung infection. On December 29, 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) coined the term New Coronavirus 2019 to refer to a coronavirus that affects the lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumonia in Wuhan, China. The new coronavirus was first identified in Wuhan, among a number of patients with an unknown form of viral pneumonia who also had a history of Huanan seafood market.

Materials and Methods: In this study, the websites of PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and Magiran were searched and related articles were reviewed.

Results: Symptoms of COVID-19 occur after a period of 2 to 10 days and the period of symptoms resulting in death of patients varied between 6 to 41 days. Common symptoms at the onset of the disease are fever, cough, and fatigue. Each carrier is reported to infect an average of 3.77 others.

Conclusion: Regarding the way of transmission of viral diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as COVID-19, i.e., the transmission by respiratory droplets as well as close communication between individuals, solutions have been recommended by experts. Researchers are suggesting not touching the T-zone on the face, using a mask and following the principles of social distancing are the most effective ways to control the disease. Due to the lack of definitive treatment or effective vaccine for COVID-19 so far, following these principles has a significant role in combating this pandemic.