The Prevalence of Postpartum Depression and Identification of Its Risk Factors in SouthWestern of Iran in 2019-2020

Reza Beiranvand; Zaher  Khazaei; Maryam   Parsanahad; Zahra  Hamule; Susan   Mohamadi Hossein Abadi5; Mohaddese  Rezaei; Shahnaz   Ghalavandi; Victoria   Momenabadi; Maryam   Seraji

doi:10.18502/jbe.v7i2.6724

Reza Beiranvand Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
Zaher Khazaei Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Ilam, University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Maryam Parsanahad Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
Zahra Hamule Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
Susan Mohamadi Hossein Abadi5 Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohaddese Rezaei Department of Physical Education, Sports Nutrition, Olom Tahghighat, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Shahnaz Ghalavandi Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
Victoria Momenabadi School of public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
Maryam Seraji Health Promotion, Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/jbe.v7i2.6724

Keywords: Postpartum; Depression; Women; Prevalence; Iran

Abstract

Introduction: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a major cause of burden of diseases in women within the first 4 weeks of delivery. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and the role of various
factors in PPD in the northern and northeastern regions of Khuzestan province.

Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was undertaken as the first phase of a case-control study on 1424 mothers in the first 24 to 48 hours after childbirth between January 2019 and January 2020. The data collected covered three areas: baseline characteristics, medical history, and PPD. The latter was measured using the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale with a cut-off point of equal to or greater than 12. The collected data were analyzed using Stata-16 software and simple and multiple Logistic Regression models.

Results: The prevalence of PPD was estimated at 26.6% in the study sample. In the multiple model, the History of elective abortion (OR= 2.26, 95%CI=1.19, 4.27), delivery in the summer (OR= 2.11,95%CI=1.39, 3.20), birth defect (OR= 2.09, 95%CI=1.10, 3.94), the history of infertility treatment (OR= 0.33, 95CI=0.18, 0.61) and living in urban areas (OR= 0.52, 95%CI=0.39, 0.70), had relationship with the chance of developing PPD.

Conclusion: The results of this study, which sought to identify factors reinforcing and preventing PPD, can be used to identify mothers at risk for PPD. Moreover, it can help make appropriate interventions, including psychological and emotional support of mother during and even before pregnancy to alleviate PPD.