SARS-Cov-2 and COVID-19, Basic and Clinical Aspects of the Human Pandemic: A Review

Mahdi Zavva; Hamid Emadi Kochak; Kamal Abdolmohammadi; Nesa Rashidi; Majid Mokhtari; Farshid Noorbakhsh; Kayahan Azadmanesh; Ehsan  Shamsi Gooshki; Yousef Fatahi; Talat Mokhtari Azad; Alireza Jahangirifard; Mohammad Javad  Mousavi; Elham Masoumi; Hamid Reza Mirzaei; Mohammad Mahdi Gouya; Farshid Rezaei; Mohammad Hossein Nicknam

doi:10.18502/ijph.v50i4.5991

Mahdi Zavva Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hamid Emadi Kochak Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kamal Abdolmohammadi Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sari Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sari, Iran
Nesa Rashidi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Majid Mokhtari Department of Medicine, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Farshid Noorbakhsh Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Kayahan Azadmanesh Department of Virology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
Ehsan Shamsi Gooshki Medical Ethics and History of Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Yousef Fatahi Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Talat Mokhtari Azad Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Alireza Jahangirifard Lung Transplantation Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Javad Mousavi Department of Hematology, School of Allied Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Elham Masoumi Department of Medical Immunology, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
Hamid Reza Mirzaei Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Mahdi Gouya Communicable Disease Control Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Farshid Rezaei Communicable Disease Control Centre, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Hossein Nicknam Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v50i4.5991

Keywords: Coronaviruses; Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2

Abstract

In the last two decades, we have witnessed three major epidemics of the coronavirus human disease namely, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome, and more recently an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Iran, a country of nearly 84 million, in the Middle East, severely involved with the COVID-19 disease. A documented multidimensional approach to COVID-19 disease is therefore mandatory to provide a well-balanced platform for the concerned medical community in our county and beyond. In this review, we highlight the disease status in Iran and attempt to provide a multilateral view of the fundamental and clinical aspects of the disease including the clinical features of the confirmed cases, virology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, and laboratory methods needed for diagnosis.