Breast Cancer in Megapolises of Kazakhstan: Epidemiological Assessment of Incidence and Mortality

Nurbek  IGISSINOV; Assem  TOGUZBAYEVA; Botagoz  TURDALIYEVA; Gulnur  IGISSINOVA; Zarina  BILYALOVA; Gulnur  AKPOLATOVA; Murat  VANSVANOV; Dinar  TARZHANOVA; Akmaral  ZHANTUREYEVA; Marina  ZHANALIYEVA; Aigul  ALMABAYEVA; Alikhan  TAUTAYEV

doi:10.18502/ijph.v48i7.2948

Nurbek IGISSINOV
Assem TOGUZBAYEVA
Botagoz TURDALIYEVA
Gulnur IGISSINOVA
Zarina BILYALOVA
Gulnur AKPOLATOVA
Murat VANSVANOV
Dinar TARZHANOVA
Akmaral ZHANTUREYEVA
Marina ZHANALIYEVA
Aigul ALMABAYEVA
Alikhan TAUTAYEV

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v48i7.2948

Keywords: Breast Cancer; Incidence; Mortality; Kazakhstan

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease among the female population of Kazakhstan like in many developed countries of the world (Canada, UK, US, Western Europe), and it accounts for every 5^th tumor. We aimed to assess the epidemiological aspects of breast cancer incidence and mortality among Almaty and Astana (Now Nur-Sultan), Kazakhstan residents in 2009-2018.

Methods: A retrospective study using modern descriptive and analytical methods of epidemiology was conducted to evaluate the breast cancer incidence and mortality in megapolises of Kazakhstan.

Results: The average annual age-standardized incidence rate of breast cancer amounted to 61.9⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95% CI=56.2-67.6) in Almaty and 61.2⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95% CI=56.765.7) in Astana. The average age-standardized mortality was 19.2⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95% CI=17.3-21.1) in Almaty and 19.3⁰/₀₀₀₀ (95% CI=17.1-21.4) in Astana. The standardized incidence in the megapolises tended to increase (Т_gr=+0.8% in Almaty and Т_gr=+1.4% in Astana), while the mortality was decreasing (Т_dec=−4.2% in Almaty and Т_dec=−1.1% in Astana). According to the component analysis, the growth in the number of breast cancer cases was due to a population increase (Δ_P=+130.4% in Almaty and Δ_P=+93.2% in Astana), with a notable decrease of factors related to the risk of getting sick (Δ_R=−27.9% in Almaty, Δ_R=−6.1% in Astana).

Conclusion: This is the first epidemiological study to assess the changes in incidence and mortality from breast cancer in megapolises of Kazakhstan because of screening. The results of this study can be used to improve the government program to combat breast cancer.