Pregnancy Outcomes in Indian Women with Gestational  Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Apoorva  Singh; Jayvardhan  Singh; Shiv Kumar  Mudgal; Ramesh Kumar  Huda

doi:10.18502/ijph.v55i1.20974

Apoorva Singh JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri, Mysuru, Karnataka, India
Jayvardhan Singh Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, Jodh-pur, Rajasthan, India
Shiv Kumar Mudgal All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, Jharkhand
Ramesh Kumar Huda Indian Council of Medical Research - National Institute for Implementation Research on Non-Communicable Diseases, Jodh-pur, Rajasthan, India

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v55i1.20974

Keywords: Gestational diabetes mellitus; Maternal health; Pregnancy outcomes; Fetal outcome; Meta-analysis; India

Abstract

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a significant pregnancy complication linked to adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The rising prevalence of GDM is emerging as a public health challenge. We aimed to explore the association between GDM and adverse pregnancy outcomes in India.

Methods: A systematic search was performed to identify eligible studies on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and adverse pregnancy outcomes in India based on inclusion & exclusion criteria. The data was analyzed using R Studio. This systematic review and meta-analysis followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO.

Results: Women with GDM had higher odds of exposure to adverse maternal outcomes such as cesarean section, postpartum hemorrhage, gestational hypertension, and large-for-gestational-age births. Similarly, GDM significantly increased the odds of adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes, including preterm birth, macrosomia, stillbirth, hypoglycemia, hyperbilirubinemia, congenital malformations, and shoulder dystocia. These findings highlight the increased risk burden posed by GDM on both maternal and fetal health outcomes.

Conclusion: GDM poses a substantial risk to both maternal and fetal health, contributing to multiple complications. Early detection and effective management strategies are crucial to mitigating adverse pregnancy outcomes in affected women