Exploring the Role of and Factors Affecting Public-Private  Partnership in Health Care Systems: A Scoping Review

Motahhareh  Yekehbash; Reyhaneh  Zarei; Hassan  Joulaei

doi:10.18502/ijph.v54i12.20815

Motahhareh Yekehbash Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Reyhaneh Zarei Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Hassan Joulaei Health Policy Research Center, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v54i12.20815

Keywords: Public-private partnerships; Healthcare services; Partnership models; Scoping review

Abstract

Background: Public-private partnerships (PPPs) address issues of access, quality, and innovation in health care. This paper assesses the impact of various PPP models on health care delivery and explores factors influencing their success. We aimed to deepen policymakers’ and practitioners’ understanding of PPP dynamics, challenges, and opportunities.

Methods: A scoping review was conducted using a systematic approach to identify relevant literature on PPPs in health care from 2000 to 2024. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific search terms and inclusion criteria. Data from selected articles were analyzed to identify key themes, drivers, and outcomes related to PPP implementation and impact.

Results: The review covered 37 PPP studies from multiple countries, revealing mixed results and challenges. Successful PPPs in China, Iran, and Kenya improved health care delivery, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. However, challenges such as regulatory barriers, financial constraints, and integration issues persist. In Spain and Portugal, PPPs often face public rejection due to perceived financial unsustainability. Legal and regulatory frameworks in Iran and Tanzania hinder effective PPP implementation.

Conclusion: PPPs have significant potential to transform health systems, especially in resource-limited settings. Their success relies on careful planning, strong governance, and adapting to local contexts. For PPPs to be effective, they must prioritize equity and sustainability in their design and execution.