A 10-Year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk  Assessment and 5-Year Follow-Up in the Sabzevar PERSIAN Cohort Center, Northeast Iran

Mohammad-Shafi  Mojadadi; Fatemeh  Shahnazari; Mohammad  Kolyaie; Hesamuddin  Gordan; Amir  Raoofi; Rahim  Golmohammadi; Saeideh Sadat   Shobeiri; Safoora  Pordel

doi:10.18502/ijph.v54i10.20145

Mohammad-Shafi Mojadadi Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Fatemeh Shahnazari Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Mohammad Kolyaie Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Hesamuddin Gordan Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Vasei Hospital, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Amir Raoofi Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Rahim Golmohammadi Department of Anatomy, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Saeideh Sadat Shobeiri Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
Safoora Pordel Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Sharhakord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrkord, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v54i10.20145

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular diseases; Risk assessment; Longitudinal studies; PERSIAN cohort; Iran

Abstract

Background: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the 10-year ASCVD risk and evaluated 5-year follow-up outcomes among adults in the Sabzevar PERSIAN Cohort Center, northeast Iran.

Methods: Baseline data were collected in 2018, with follow-up completed in 2023. Risk factors including age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, smoking status, and diabetes were assessed. The 10-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the American College of Cardiology's risk estimator and categorized as low (<5%), borderline (5–7.4%), intermediate (7.5–19.9%), or high (≥20%). A Cox proportional hazards model evaluated the association between age, gender, diabetes, and ASCVD events.

Results: Among 2,871 participants, men had higher blood pressure, while women had higher levels of total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL (P < 0.05). Hypertension was more prevalent in men than in women (P < 0.001). Diabetes was present in 13.8% (n = 397) of participants, with no significant difference between men and women. The distribution of 10-year ASCVD risk was as follows: low (74.58%), borderline (9.3%), intermediate (13.96%), and high (2.16%). Men had a significantly higher ASCVD risk than women (P < 0.001). During the 5-year follow-up, 1.2% (n = 34) of participants experienced ASCVD events. In multivariable analysis, age (P < 0.001), male gender (P < 0.001), and diabetes (P = 0.013) were significant predictors of ASCVD events.

Conclusion: ASCVD risk estimation and early intervention, particularly for older adults and individuals with diabetes, are essential. These findings support targeted prevention efforts in northeast Iran and similar populations.