Utilization and Effectiveness of the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model as a Tool in Public Health Interventions: A Systematic Review

Mingyu  Yang; Zhiyun  Hu; Xiaohan  Qu; Meng  Li; Wei  Du; Lijun  Fan

doi:10.18502/ijph.v54i10.20121

Mingyu Yang Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Zhiyun Hu Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Xiaohan Qu Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Meng Li Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Wei Du Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
Lijun Fan Department of Medical Insurance, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v54i10.20121

Keywords: The PRECEDE-PROCEED model; Public health interventions; Effectiveness; Systematic review

Abstract

Background: The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model (PPM) is a theoretical tool for comprehensively assessing population health priorities and practically guiding the planning, implementation, and evaluation of interventions. We aimed to analyze systematically the extent of PPM utilization in the development and evaluation of public health interventions and to appraise the effectiveness of PPM-based interventions.

Methods: PUBMED, Web of Science, ELSEVIER, EBSCO, and SCOPUS were systematically searched to identify relevant peer-reviewed studies from inception to June 2024. Data were extracted on study objectives, design, population, PPM utilization, interventions, and outcomes. Qualitative synthesis was performed to analyze how PPM was applied, to identify recurring themes, and to assess intervention effectiveness.

Results: A total of 54 studies were included, of which 51 reported effective outcomes. These studies spanned 11 domains including disease prevention and control, healthy behaviors, preventing domestic violence, and so on. Education and ecological assessment was most frequently adopted (96%) in the PRECEDE stage, and outcome assessment was most commonly adopted (94%) in the PROCEED phase. All studied interventions incorporated health education. Nine key intervention elements were identified including sustained implementation, adequate duration, multiple educational topics, diverse formats, social support, providing educational materials, participant interaction, intervention monitoring, and practice support. Participant interaction was most frequently utilized (85%), whereas practice support was least frequently used (54%).

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of educational and ecological assessment in the PRECEDE stage and outcome evaluation in the PROCEDE phase for effective intervention design and assessment. Future PPM-based interventions should consider the nine identified core elements, with emphasis tailored to the specific health domain.