Prevalence and Risk Factors of Carbohydrate Metabolism  Disorders among Pregnant Women in Kyrgyzstan

Roza  Sultanalieva; Bermet  Zhunusova; Valeriya  Knyazeva; Nazgul  Abylova; Aleksandr  Sorokin

doi:10.18502/ijph.v54i7.19150

Roza Sultanalieva Endocrinology Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Bermet Zhunusova Therapy Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Valeriya Knyazeva Therapy Department, International Higher School of Medicine, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Nazgul Abylova Endocrinology Department, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
Aleksandr Sorokin Department of Physics, Medical Informatics, and Biology, Kyrgyz Russian Slavic University, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v54i7.19150

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Gestational diabetes mellitus; Prevalence; Risk factors

Abstract

Background: We aimed to determine the prevalence of carbohydrate metabolism disorders among pregnant women in Kyrgyzstan based on the 2013 WHO diagnostic criteria, to study their frequency, and to assess the influence of key risk factors on the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and overt diabetes.

Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted, including 617 pregnant women between 2022 and 2024. All participants underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in the second half of pregnancy. Diagnosis of GDM and overt diabetes was carried out according to WHO criteria. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze risk factors. ROC analysis was performed to assess the diagnostic value of the number of risk factors in predicting carbohydrate metabolism disorders.

Results: The incidence of GDM was 18.8% (116/617), and overt diabetes — 6.96% (43/617). The main risk factors for GDM were: age over 35 years (P = 0.002), arterial hypertension (P = 0.001), second-degree family history of diabetes (P = 0.001), pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (P = 0.002), and multiparity (P = 0.000). For overt diabetes, key risk factors included first-degree family history of diabetes (P = 0.034), second-degree family history (P = 0.001), and overweight or obesity (P = 0.018).

Conclusion: An increase in the number of risk factors correlates with the incidence of GDM and overt diabetes. However, for GDM, the number of risk factors is not a reliable predictor, highlighting the need for universal screening of all pregnant women. For overt diabetes, the number of risk factors showed satisfactory predictive value.