Exploring the Intricacies of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Its Connection with HPV: A Narrative Review

Parvin  Karimi; Seyed Mohammad Reza  Hosseini; Zahra Sadat  Mousavian Hiagh; Sobhan  Aboulhassanzadeh; Nahid  Asghari; Hamed  Aghazadeh

doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i12.17310

Parvin Karimi Fars Population-Based Cancer Registry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
Seyed Mohammad Reza Hosseini School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
Zahra Sadat Mousavian Hiagh Laboratory of Dendrimers and Nano-Biopolymers, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
Sobhan Aboulhassanzadeh School of Biotechnology Faculty of Science and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
Nahid Asghari Department of Basic Science, Maragheh University of Medical Science, Maragheh, Iran
Hamed Aghazadeh Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology (RCPN), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i12.17310

Keywords: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; Human papillomavirus; Health policies

Abstract

Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia grade III (CIN III) represents a critical precursor to invasive cervical cancer, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its etiology, progression, diagnosis, and preventive strategies. This review integrates an approach to synthesize current literature, conducted through a meticulous search of databases (Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar) for relevant articles discussing CIN III and its association with Human Papillomavirus (HPV). The review delineates the multifaceted landscape of CIN III, elucidating the pathogenesis involving high-risk HPV types, demographic factors (age and sexual behavior), behavioral determinants (smoking and contraceptive use), and environmental influences impacting disease epidemiology. Diagnostic modalities, including Pap smears, HPV testing, and colposcopy, were assessed for their role in early detection and intervention. The results highlight the significance of HPV vaccination, screening programs, and robust public health policies in mitigating the burden of CIN III. Effective interventions, particularly excisional procedures, demonstrate efficacy in reducing the risk of progression to invasive cancer, emphasizing the importance of vigilant follow-up. A comprehensive approach integrating vaccination initiatives, early detection through screening, and equitable healthcare policies stands pivotal in combating CIN III. The review underscores the imperative of evidence-based interventions for disease prevention, reducing disparities, and enhancing public health outcomes for individuals affected by or at risk of CIN III.