Abstruse Side of Climate Change, Impact on Malaria: A  Systematic Evidence Review Comparing Iran versus Globally

Nader Majidi  Bajerge; Hamidreza  Khankeh; Amene  Dashtbozorgi; Mehrdad Farrokhi

doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15584

Nader Majidi Bajerge Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Hamidreza Khankeh Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilita-tion Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Amene Dashtbozorgi Center for Remote Sensing and GIS Research, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
Mehrdad Farrokhi Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, Social Health Research Institute, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilita-tion Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15584

Keywords: Climate change; Natural disasters; Re-emerging diseases; Vector-borne disease; Malaria

Abstract

Background: Infectious outbreaks due to disrupted social and environmental conditions after climate change-induced events complicate disasters. This research aimed to determine the contentions of bioclimatic variables and extreme events on the prevalence of the most common Climate-Sensitive Infectious Disease (CSID); Malaria in Iran.

Methods: The present narrative systematic review study was conducted on the bioclimatic variable impact on the prevalence of malaria, as a common CSID. The search was conducted in 3 sections: global climate change-related studies, disaster related, and studies that were conducted in Iran. The literature search was focused on papers published in English and Persian from Mar 2000 to Dec 2021, using electronic databases; Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranDoc.

Results: Overall, 41 studies met the inclusion criteria. The various types of climatic variables including; Temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, and hydrological events including; flood, drought, and cyclones has been reported as a predictor of malaria. The results of studies, inappropriately and often were inconsistent in both Iran and other parts of the world.

Conclusion: Identifying malaria outbreak risks is essential to assess vulnerability, and a starting point to identify where the health system is required to reduce the vulnerability and exposure of the population. The finding of most related studies is not congruent to achieve reliable information, more extensive studies in all climates and regions of the country, by climatic models and high accuracy risk map, using the long period of bioclimatic variables and malaria trend is recommended.