The Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Attributable Risk Factors in Iran, 1990–2019: Results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Maryam  Peimani; Zahra  Esfahani; Fatemeh  Bandarian; Shahnaz  Esmaeili; Sahar Saeedi  Moghaddam; Nazli  Namazi; Sogol  Koolaji; Anita L.  Stewart; Narges  Ebrahimi; Negar  Rezaei; Nazila  Rezaei; Farshad  Farzadfar; Ensieh  Nasli-Esfahani; Bagher  Larijani

doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i4.15569

Maryam Peimani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Zahra Esfahani Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Fatemeh Bandarian Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Shahnaz Esmaeili Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nazli Namazi Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Sogol Koolaji Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Anita L. Stewart Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, Institute for Health & Aging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. USA
Narges Ebrahimi Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Negar Rezaei Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Nazila Rezaei Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Farshad Farzadfar Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Ensieh Nasli-Esfahani Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Bagher Larijani Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i4.15569

Keywords: Global burden of disease, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, Disability-adjusted life years, Risk factors

Abstract

Background: This study presents estimates for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) burden and attributable risk factors in Iran from 1990–2019, using data from the 2019 Global Burden of Disease study.

Methods: This study reports prevalence, incidence, death, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) of T2DM in Iran, by sex, age, and province, from 1990 to 2019. We also present the T2DM burden attributable to risk factors. Results are reported in absolute number and age-standardized rates.

Results: Overall, the burden of T2DM had increased greatly since 1990. In 2019, the T2DM incidence and prevalence cases were 291,482 (a 374% increase) and 5,035,012 (a 417% increase) respectively. Moreover, the number of death and DALYs were 14,191 (a 488% increase) and 716,457 (a 417% increase) respectively. DALYs and YLDs in women were consistently higher than men were, whereas women experienced slower increases in YLLs from 1990 to 2019. The age-standardized DALYs rate increased for all Iranian provinces during study period. High body-mass index, ambient particulate matter pollution, and low physical activity remained the three major attributable risk factors in all provinces in 2019.

Conclusion: T2DM constitutes a major health burden in Iran. The remarkable upsurge in the T2DM burden represents an ongoing challenge, given the rapidly aging population in Iran. Thus, integrated and multi-sectoral actions that decrease exposure to risk factors and improve the prevention and early diagnosis are needed.