Finding a Link between Obesity and Senescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sry Suryani  Widjaja; Rusdiana  Rusdiana; Tengku Mardani Helvi; Rostime Hermayeni  Simanullang; Vito Filbert  Jayalie; Rina  Amelia; Jessie  Arisa

doi:10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14679

Sry Suryani Widjaja Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Rusdiana Rusdiana Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Tengku Mardani Helvi Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Rostime Hermayeni Simanullang Department of Nursing School, University of Murni Teguh, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Vito Filbert Jayalie Department of Radiation Oncology, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Rina Amelia Department of Community Health, Medical Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
Jessie Arisa Department of Wellness, Murni Teguh Memorial Hospital, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v53i1.14679

Keywords: Obesity; Aging; Senescence; Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Cell aging is associated with changes in telomeres due to DNA damage arising from chronic inflammation in obese patients. The aim of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to find the relationship between obesity and aging or senescence.

Methods: The systematic review was conducted through PRISMA guideline, beginning with literature search within 2012-2022 in several databases (PubMed, EBSCOHost, Science Direct, Scopus, and Cochrane) followed by screening process using predetermined PICO criteria. Original studies on the topic of obesity and senescence (aging), from preclinical studies to clinical research (cohort or cross-sectional studies) that were published within the last ten years. All studies were appraised using SYRCLE risk of bias tool for preclinical studies and Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for cross-sectional and cohort studies. The data extraction on the studies’ characteristic and outcome on aging or senescence were followed by quantitative analysis using MetaXL process on prevalence ratio and hazard ratio of obesity to comorbidities and mortality.

Results: Fifteen studies were enrolled. Obesity and white adipose tissue cause increased levels of pro-inflammatory and pro-senescence cytokine and macrophage whilst the aging process lowers metabolism with increased insulin resistance and linked to increased risk of obesity. Obesity occurs in 22% (95% CI 18%-26%) of elderly population with higher prevalence rate in the women population. Obesity is associated with significant increased risk of multimorbidity by 56% (OR = 1.58 [95% CI 1.48-1.96]).

Conclusion: The obesity and aging or senescence has reciprocal relationship between each other.