Epidemiology of Traumatic Brain Injury in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohsen Saheban  Maleki; Seyed Amirhossein  Mazaheri; Seyed Hossein  Hosseini; Hesamedin Askari  Majdabadi; Mohsen  Poursadeqiyan; Aboalfazl  Faghihi; Zeinab Naderi; Tayebeh  Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri; Behzad  Khedri; Nasir  Amanat; Farahnaz  Khajehnasiri; Reyhaneh  Ivanbagha

doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13565

Mohsen Saheban Maleki Department of Anesthesia, Clinical Research Developmental Unit Bohlool Hospital, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
Seyed Amirhossein Mazaheri Student Research Committee, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan
Seyed Hossein Hosseini Department of Paramedicine, Amol School of Paramedical Sciences, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
Hesamedin Askari Majdabadi Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
Mohsen Poursadeqiyan Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
Aboalfazl Faghihi Community Nursing Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
Zeinab Naderi Department of Nursing, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
Tayebeh Ilaghinezhad Bardsiri Department of Nursing, Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran
Behzad Khedri Department of Social Work, Social Studies Faculty, Hanze University of Applied Science, Groningen, Netherlands
Nasir Amanat Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
Farahnaz Khajehnasiri Department of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Reyhaneh Ivanbagha Department of Midwifery, School of Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13565

Keywords: Brain injuries; Epidemiology; Prevalence; Incidence; Risk factors

Abstract

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of leading cause of death and disability in Iran that has serious consequences on people’s health. Understanding of epidemiology of TBI can be helpful for policy making in health care management. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the epidemiology of TBI in Iran.

Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google scholar, and internal databases including, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex were searched to identify the relevant published studies up to Feb 2022. Moreover, the references list of key studies was scanned to find more records. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool was used to assess the quality of included studies. The Excel and Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software were to analyze the data.

Results: Overall, 23,446 patients from 15 studies were included in the study. The overall mean age of the patients was 31.36 ± 0.13 yr (95%CI: 31.10 to 31.61). The majority of the patients were male (74.37%), with a male to female ratio of 3:1. The incidence rate of TBI was 15.3 to 144 per 100,000 population. The mortality rate of TBI was estimated to be 10.4% (95%CI: 5% to 19%). The most common causes of injury were road traffic accidents (RTAs) (60%; 95%CI: 49% to 70%), and falling (20%; 95%CI: 16% to 26%), respectively. The most frequent type of head injury was subdural hematoma.

Conclusion: Our findings highlight that appropriate control and prevention strategies should be focused on male, road traffic accidents, and the group under 40 yr.