Case-Control Trials on Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Yan  Yang; Jianwei  Shi; Jiaoling  Huang; Mingwang  Cheng; Shasha  Geng; Wenya  Yu; Ning  Chen; Chen  Chen; Zhaoxin  Wang

doi:10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13397

Yan Yang School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Jianwei Shi School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Jiaoling Huang School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Mingwang Cheng School of Economics & Management, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Shasha Geng General Practice Medicine, Dongfang Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
Wenya Yu School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Ning Chen School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
Chen Chen Shanghai Jing’an District Jiangning Road Community Health Service Centre, Shanghai, China
Zhaoxin Wang Department of Dermatology, The Fifth People’s Hospital of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v52i8.13397

Keywords: Pancreatic cancer; Risk factor; Systemic review; Meta-analysis; Case-control trials

Abstract

Background: The single risk factors of pancreatic cancer (PC) has been extensively studied. We aimed to synthesize results from such studies to identify and estimate multiple independent risk factors of PC.

Methods: Articles published up to Feb 28, 2020 in English or Chinese reporting risk factors of PC were reviewed. The fixed-effects model with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to calculate the pooled Odds Ratio (OR). Data were analyzed using RevMan 5.3.

Results: PC was significantly associated with smoking (OR: 1.76, 95% CI: 1.61–1.92, P < 0.00001, I² = 6%), diabetes (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 2.52-2.88, P < 0.00001, I²= 0%), family history of PC (OR: 2.58, 95% CI: 2.13-3.11, P < 0.00001, I²= 0%), and chronic pancreatitis (OR: 5.84, 95% CI: 3.63-9.41, P < 0.00001, I² = 0%).

Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes, family history of PC, and chronic pancreatitis were independent risk factors for PC. These independent risk factors have an important role in identifying high-risk groups, which is of great significance to reduce the incidence of PC and improve the quality of life and prognosis of patients.