Epidemiologic Profile of Microscopic Hematuria in Iran:  A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mohammad-Javad  Khosousi; Fariborz  Mansour-Ghanaei; Forough  Heidarzad; Farahnaz  Joukar; Saman  Maroufizadeh; Elham  Abdzadeh; Hamed  Delam; Ehsan Amini-Salehi; Morteza  Arab-Zozani; Siavash  Falahatkar; Ardalan  Akhavan; Soheil  Hassanipour

doi:10.18502/ijph.v51i10.10978

Mohammad-Javad Khosousi Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei Caspian Digestive Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Forough Heidarzad Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Farahnaz Joukar Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Saman Maroufizadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Elham Abdzadeh Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Hamed Delam Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran
Ehsan Amini-Salehi Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Morteza Arab-Zozani Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
Siavash Falahatkar Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Ardalan Akhavan Urology Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
Soheil Hassanipour GI Cancer Screening and Prevention Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran

DOI: https://doi.org/10.18502/ijph.v51i10.10978

Keywords: Epidemiology; Microscopic hematuria; Systematic review; Meta-analysis; Iran

Abstract

Background: Hematuria is one of the most common symptoms in nephrology and urology. Due to the lack of extensive meta-analysis studies on the epidemiology of hematuria in Iran, this study was conducted to determine the epidemiological status of hematuria in Iran.

Methods: In Sep 2020, researchers studied six international databases such as PubMed, ISI/WOS, ProQuest, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for English papers and Iranian databases (SID and MagIran) for Persian papers. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to review and control the quality of articles. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed by Cochran's test and its composition using I² statistics.

Results: After several screening phase, the number of 25 article included to the final analysis. The prevalence of hematuria in the general population and children, in Iran were estimated at 16.4% (95% CI, - 0.05-37.9) and 1.6% (95% CI, 0.9-2.3) respectively. The odds ratio (OR) of women to men in the prevalence of hematuria in the general population 1.74, 95% CI: 1.20-2.52, P=0.003, patients with beta-thalassemia major 2.02, 95% CI: 1.11-3.65, P=0.020, children 2.61, 95% CI: 1.19-5.71, P=0.016, the elderly 1.50, 95% CI: 1.15-1.94, P=0.002, and taxi drivers 3.73, 95% CI: 2.58-5.38, P<0.001 was obtained.

Conclusion: The prevalence of hematuria in the general population is relatively high. Hematuria is a good predictor for detecting of bladder cancer and Idiopathic hypercalciuria and the physician should attention to microscopic hematuria.