Proton Beam Physical Processes For Improving Cancer Therapy Using a Water Phantom

Abstract

Proton beam radiation offers improved cancer therapy due to its unique physical prop erties, particularly the Bragg peak, which allows for precise energy deposition within the tumor while minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. This is especially beneficial when treating tumors near sensitive organs. Water is frequently used as a reference medium for calculating and measuring proton beam properties like range and dose, as it closely mimics human tissue in terms of energy loss and scattering. The goal of this work is to describe quantitatively and qualitatively physical processes using both Maple programming and GEANT4 simulation for proton treatment when a pro ton pencil beam passes through a water phantom.